Richard Prince Of England

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Henry I "Beauclerc" King Of England succeeded his brother, William II, in 1100.
Henry helped unite the Saxons and Normans in England. To gain the favor of his
Saxon subjects, he married Matilda, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland and his
Saxon wife Margaret.

During his reign, Henry worked to restrain the growing power of the barons. He
promoted the Norman system of centralized rule and gave the royal courts greater
authority. His wars against rebellious nobles in France helped start a feeling
of English nationalism.
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Reference:
"The World Book Encyclopedia", 1968, p H178.

Henry married Matilda "Atheling" Princess Scotland 4 Nov 1100, Westminster, London, Middlesex, England. Matilda (daughter of Malcolm III, King Scotland and Margaret "Atheling", Princess England, [Queen]) was born Abt 1078/1079, , Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland; died 24 Apr 1118, , Westminster, Middlesex, England; was buried May 1118, Church of St Pet, Westminster, Middlesex, England. [Group Sheet]

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Matilda "Atheling" Princess Of Scotland
Buried Church of St Peter, Westminster, Middlesex, England

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William I "The Conqueror" King Of England, Duke of Normandy was the first
Norman king of England. He inherited Normandy at the age of eight. During his
youth, there were many disorders. At the age of 20, he put down a great
rebellion at the battle of Val-es-dunes, which he won with the aid of his lord,
King Henry of France. From that time on, William ruled Normandy with an iron
hand.

In 1051, William visited England. King Edward the Confessor granted him the
succession to the English throne as his nearset adult heir. In 1064, Harold,
Edward's brother-in-law, was shipwrecked on the Norman coast and was taken
prisoner. He promised to support William's claim to the throne in return for
his freedom. But when Edward died in 1066, Harold obtained the succession on
the basis of a deathbed grant by Edward and election by the nobles and prelates
of England.

William immediately invaded England. His expedition had the pope's blessings,
because William was expected to depose the Anglo-Saxon archbishop of Canterbury
and introduce ecclesiastical reforms. Before William could sail, the king of
Norway invaded northern England. King Harold hurried north and defeated the
Norwegian invaders at Stamford Bridge. William landed before Harold could
return to defend the coast. The Normans destroyed the Anglo-Saxon army and
killed Harold at the Battle of Hastings.

On Christmas Day, 1066, William was crowned king William then suppressed local
rebellions. He took lands from those who resisted him, and gave them to his
followers to hold in return for their military service to him. To emphasize
the legitimacy of his crown, William confirmed the laws of Edward the Confessor
and retained all the powers of the Anglo-Saxon monarchy. He levied Danegeld,
the only national tax on landed property in all of Europe at that time. At
Salisbury in 1086, he made all the landholders, even the vassals of his barons,
swear allegiance directly to him as king.

William was devout, firm in purpose, and unchanging in gaining his ends. His
greatest monument is Domesday Book, an exhaustive survey of the land, the
principal landholders, the farm population, and the material and financial
resources of his realm.

Buried in Abbey of St Stephen, Caen, Calvados, France
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Reference:
"The World Book Encyclopedia", 1968, p W258-259

William married Matilda Countess Of Flanders, [Queen] 1052, Castle Of, Angi, Normandy, France. Matilda (daughter of Baldwin V Count Flanders and Adele (Alix) Princess France) was born Abt 1030, Of, Flanders, France; died 27 Oct 1083, , Caen, Calvados, France; was buried Chrchholytrinity, Caen, Calvados, France. [Group Sheet]

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Queen of England

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Malcolm III Canmore, King Of Scotland was crowned at Scone, 17 March 1057/8 was
slain while besieging Alnwick Castle.

Buried Holy Trinity Church, Dumferline, Fifeshire, Scotland
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Reference:
"Ancestrial Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England between 1623 and
1650", 1969, Frederick Lewis Weis, p 111.
"Royalty for Commoners", Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 2.

Malcolm married Margaret "Atheling", Princess England, [Queen] 1066/1068, Of, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Edward "Atheling", Prince England, [The Exile] and Agatha Of Hungary Augsburg) was born Abt 1042/1044, Of, Wessex, England; died 10 Nov 1093, Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland; was buried , Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet]

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St. Margaret "Atheling", Princess Of England
Queen of Scotland
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Reference:
"Royalty for Commoners", Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 2.

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Robert I "The Magnificent" Duke Of Normandy

Robert married Harlette De Falaise Abt 1022. Harlette (daughter of Fulbert De Falaise and Doda) was born Abt 1002, Of, Falaise, Clavados, France. [Group Sheet]

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Baldwin V Count Of Flanders

Baldwin married Adele (Alix) Princess France 1027, , Paris, Seine, France. Adele (daughter of Robert II "The Pious" France, King of France and Constance De Toulouse, Queen of France) was born 1008, , France; died 1078, Monastere De L'O, Messines, France; was buried Monastere De L'O, Messines, France. [Group Sheet]

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Adele (Alix), Princess Of France
Death place Monastere De L'Ordre De St. Benoist, Messines,, France
Burial Monastere De L'Ordre De St. Benoist, Messines,, France

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Macbeth siezed the throne of Scotland in 1040 after defeating and killing
Duncan I near elgin. He based his claim to the crown on his wife's royal
descent (Duncan's former wife Sybal). Malcolm III, son of Duncan I, and Earl
Siward of Northumberland defeated Macbeth at Dunsinane in 1054, but they did not
dethrone him. Three years later, Malcolm III killed Macbeth at Lumphanan.
Macbeth's stepson Lulach reigned for a few months, and then Malcolm III
succeeded him as king.

William Shakespeare based his play, Macbeth, one of his greatest tragedies,
upon a distorted version of these events which he found in Raphael Holinshed's
"Chronicle of Scottish History." The only kernel of historical truth in the
play is Duncan's death at the hand of Macbeth. From this fact, Shakespeare
drew his portrait of ambition leading to a violent and tragic end.
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Reference:
"The World Book Encyclopedia", 1968, p M4.
"Ancestrial Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England between 1623 and
1650", 1969, Frederick Lewis Weis, p 111.

Duncan married Sibyl Fitzsiward, [Queen] 1029, , Scotland. Sibyl (daughter of Boete Scotland and Mrs-Boete (Bode) Scotland) was born Abt 1013, Of, Northumberland, England; died 1039. [Group Sheet]

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Queen of Scotland

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Edward "Atheling", Prince Of England
41 at 1057

Edward married Agatha Of Hungary Augsburg Abt 1034, Of, London, Middlesex, England. Agatha (daughter of Bruno, Bishop Of Ausburg and Mrs-Bruno Of Augsburg) was born Abt 1017, , Bavaria, Germany; died 7 Jul 1024. [Group Sheet]

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• AFN: 9HMF-HN